Throughout the project, work has been carried out on 75 demonstrative silvoarable and silvopasture systems, which have been monitored throughout the project, as well as on almost 300 replication systems, where implementation and/or technical support has been provided. In total, work has been carried out on more than 4.000 hectares:
- 38 demonstration silvoarable systems (226 ha) and 99 replication systems (670 ha). These systems include a wide variety of agricultural species (cereals, aromatic plants, vines, forage crops, etc.) and woody species (trees for: stone fruit, nuts, quality timber, mycorrhizal trees, etc.).
- 11 demonstrative silvopastoral systems in grasslands (144 ha) and 15 replication systems (129 ha).
- 26 silvopastoral systems in forest stands, with 477 ha for demonstration: 51% pine forests (mainly Scots pine and Aleppo pine), 22% holm oak and oak forests, and 27% mixed forests. In addition, these systems have been replicated in 184 forests, covering 2.398 ha. Of this area, around 15% has been thinned heavily (a drastic reduction in tree density), while the remainder has undergone more moderate clearings and shrub clearing, maintaining a forest environment.
In the evaluation of these systems (see monitoring protocols), multiple variables have been taken into account, such as productivity, carbon sequestration, vitality, the effect on the microclimate, vulnerability to wildfires, and biodiversity.
Main results of the silvoarable demonstration systems.
Main results of the silvopastoral demonstration systems.